![]() Therefore, effective alveolar-arterial P O2 difference is considered useful for assessing gas-exchange abnormalities in lung periphery. Changes in effective alveolar P O2, the most important parameter in classical gas-exchange theory, are coherent with those in mixed alveolar P O2 decided from the multiple inert-gas elimination technique. Based on anatomical and physiological perspectives, the multiple inert-gas elimination technique is thought to be highly effective for predicting ventilation-perfusion heterogeneity between acini of Aschoff under steady-state condition. Although it is difficult to define functional gas-exchange unit in a way entirely consistent with anatomical structures, acinus of Aschoff may serve as a functional gas-exchange unit in a first approximation. Acinus of Loeschcke is taken as an anatomical gas-exchange unit. Model A of Weibel in which dichotomously branching airways are incorporated should be used for analyzing gas mixing in conducting and acinar airways. In the present review, we highlighted these uncertain issues from a variety of anatomical and physiological viewpoints. Many problems regarding structure-function relationships have remained unsolved in the field of respiratory physiology.
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